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Eames Lounge Chair Wood by jojo

Design

Initially Charles had set out to find a solution to providing affordable, comfortable furniture that could be easily mass produced. His entries into the Organic Furniture competition were designed to have the seat and backrest joined in a singe 'shell'. The plywood, however, was prone to crack when bent into the sharp angles and had to be covered with upholstery. Through extensive trial and error Charles and Ray arrived at an alternate solution: create two separate pieces for the seat and backrest, joined by a plywood lumbar support, with plywood legs. The result was a comfortable chair with a sleek and modern appearance. The seat was joined to the lumbar support and legs with a series of four heavy rubber washers with nuts embedded in them (later these came to be called 'shock mounts'). The shock mounts were glued to the underside of the seat, and screwed in through the bottom of the chair. The backrest was also attached using shock mounts. The rubber mounts were pliable, allowing the backrest to flex when the chair is occupied. This was one of the first examples of a chair with a responsive backrest. This unique technology is also one of the chair's greatest flaws. The shock mounts are securely glued to the wooden backrest, but may tear free if excessive pressure is applied, or if the rubber becomes brittle. A common response to this problem was to drill directly through the backrest and insert fasteners between the backrest and the lumbar support. This greatly devalues the chair and mars the original aesthetic of the smooth, uninterrupted wooden forms.

Even though the plywood chair was a compromise of the Eames' vision to create a single shell chair it still constituted a successful design. Following the LCW the Eames created a family of plywood chairs. The all-plywood Dining Chair Wood (DCW) was constructed in the same manner as the LCW, but with a narrower seat, and longer legs. The Lounge Chair Metal (LCM) and Dining Chair Metal (DCM) were constructed of the same plywood seats and backrests as the LCW & DCW set on a welded metal frame.

Coming out of an age where furniture was heavy and complex; made from multiple materials and then covered in upholstery, the Eames design was a refreshing new way of looking at furniture and furniture design. The chair was produced in a short run by Evans Moulded Plywood of Venice Beach, California for Herman Miller furniture company. Herman Miller later absorbed the production of the chairs and has continued producing them until present day (a brief period existed when the chairs were out of production). In Europe, Vitra became the producers of Eames furniture. These are the only two companies producing chairs licensed by the Eames estate as represented by the Eames Office.

Collectible

The chair continues to be an icon of Modern Design style. It is valued for its comfort as well as its status symbol. Original production models are highly valued by collectors. Herman Miller offered the LCW in a variety of wood veneers over the moulded maple inner plys. The dates below refer to Herman Miller/North American production. No information on Vitra/European production was available.

Finish type

Year(s) produced

Mahogany

1946-48

Rosewood (dalbergia nigra)

1946-48, 1961-66

Rosewood (santos palisander)

2007-present

Oak

1953

Avodire

1946-48

Canaletta

1946-47

Slunkskin

1948-53

Cowhide

2009-present

Fabric

1948-53

Leather

1948-53

Lacquered Red

1994-2008

Lacquered Black

1994-2008

Aniline Dyed Yellow

1946-48, 2009-present

Aniline Dyed Red

1946-58, 2009-present

Aniline Dyed Black

1946-66, 2009-present

Aniline Dyed Orange, Blue, Green, White

2009-present

Walnut

1946-58, 1962-66, 1994-present

Natural Cherry

1994-present

Birch

1946-58

Calico Ash

1994-present

Zebrawood

1958-59

Teak

1958-61

The value of these chairs to collectors depends on many variables. Generally speaking chairs that are in true original condition are valued the highest, especially those from the earliest production by Evans Co, with red being the most desirable. Modifications to the backrest, damages to the veneer, and excessive wear will reduce value.

^ Leslie Pinia, Classic Herman Miller; 1998

See also

Eames Lounge Chair

External links

Herman Miller product page for LCW

Vintage Eames pages: for collectors and scholars of vintage Eames furniture, an official Eames Office resource

Categories: ChairsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from November 2009 | All articles lacking sources | Articles lacking reliable references from February 2007 | All articles lacking reliable references

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